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三明治公益访谈1：授人以渔的Shanghai Young Bakers

编者按：这是我们三明治公益访谈系列的第一篇文章，介绍的是一家帮助弱势群体获得工作技能的公益组织，不过他们培训的内容非常酷，让我们编辑团队中的成员也非常希望能参加这个培训课程。当然，你会发现其实它的运作需要很多志愿者的贡献，特别是它进一步发展更需要多方的资源，所以或许你会找到可以贡献自己能力的地方，也像我们采访的Daisy一样，找到人生不同的意义和方向。

文/@陆斯惟Stanley

中国有句古话“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”，2009年，12位在上海工作生活数年的年轻法国人用实际行动给这句古话赋予新的注解： Give an orphan some bread, you feed him for one day; teach him how to bake, you feed him for a lifetime! （授人以麦，三餐之需；授人以焙，终生之用!）

他们有的是职业经理人，有的是艺术家，各行各业，他们希望能给这个生活着的城市回馈些东西。随着国内西式面包房数量快速增长以及高档酒店数目的增多，烘焙市场正经历蓬勃发展阶段，鉴于传统法式烘焙培训在中国市场的缺失，合格的法式烘焙师的紧缺，于是他们成立了一个名为“@海上青焙坊”（Shanghai Young Bakers, “SYB”）的公益组织，为来自全国范围内困难家庭17－23岁的青少年无偿提供一年的免费法式烘焙技术训练及生存技巧课程，以使得他们可以在毕业后找到合适的就业机会并自力更生。

经过过去4年的实践和积累，SYB已经逐步形成了自己的运营模式，通过和其他公益组织合作教学，每年都会有大约20名的学员接受他们一年的系统培训，包括法式烘焙、中式西点课程以及生活技能及英语学习，毕业后大多数在上海的四星、五星级酒店或西式面包房工作。在2012届（2012年7月毕业）21名学生的就业去向名单中，我们发现有不少去了外滩华尔道夫、世茂皇家艾美、金茂君悦等高端酒店，平均工资大约在2000-2500元左右（包吃住）。

所以从这个意义上来说，SYB的确帮助到了这些困难家庭的孩子，教会了他们生活的技能，给予了他们在上海这个大都市立足发展的机会。

（在烘焙中心快乐学习的学员们）

把有限的机会提供给最需要的人

Daisy (陆雯婷)是海上青焙坊的核心志愿者之一，从其成立之初（2009年4月）就以志愿者的身份加入，目前负责公共关系处理方面的事宜。她向我们介绍起这个颇有海派风味的公益组织时，自豪之情溢于言表。

SYB的组织架构很简单，设立初期只是一个民间发起的项目，甚至都没有一个组织的身份。为了确保该项目的长期可持续发展，2010年5月，SYB开始挂靠在智行基金会下，以该基金会的子项目进行募资及运作，并在智行基金会的办公室内有了自己的一个小小的区域。“挂靠在大型基金会下”是公益领域中很多组织或项目早期都会选择的一种运作方式，以解决捐赠发票开具的资质问题和国内公益实践身份的限制，例如壹基金早期也是挂靠在中国红十字会下，以中国红十字会李连杰壹基金计划向公众进行募捐。捐赠人的指定善款通过捐赠到该基金会后拨付给该组织或项目，同时基金会向捐赠人开具公益捐赠发票。在这个过程中，基金会负有对该组织或项目监督执行的职责，因此也根据行业惯例从捐款中扣除一定比例的管理费用于自身的组织发展运作。

培训离不开导师，烘焙课程最早的培训师由志愿者担当，他们都是专业的烘焙师。经过几年运作后，目前SYB有三名全职烘焙培训师，他们都是第一期的学员。当时，他们因为优异的表现被选中后送往法国奥里亚克烘焙学校（EFBPA）学习，在法国接受一年的专业培训获得专业技能合格证书后，三名学员2011年8月返回上海开始教授现在的学生。由于所有费用都由SYB筹集支付，因此三名学员在回国之后三年内都需要为SYB教授课程。我们非常喜欢这种可持续性的运作模式，让受益人反过来回馈这个群体，同时也激励了学员在此期间更好地学习，这段留学经历也对他们将来的发展提供了很好的保障。

目前每年招收的学员都是由SYB合作的6家NGO推荐，包括智行基金会，马大夫基金会，宝鸡新星流浪儿童援助中心，中国SOS儿童村，久牵志愿者服务社，Eden Ministry，然后SYB在这些推荐人选中通过材料进行筛选，其实在筛选中并没有非常明确的硬性标准，只要是属于弱势群体，SYB希望把这个有限的机会提供给最需要的人。

可持续发展的探索，自我造血没那么简单

为了每年20多名学员的烘焙培训，项目每年需要100多万元人民币的运营费用，主要包括培训所需要的食材原料和设备、支付烘焙中心的房租、学员在上海市曹杨职业技术学校的住宿费及生活开销以及全职项目员工工资等。由于传统烘焙课程基于法式烘焙证书CAP，大多原材料都是进口，因此成本较高。同时，SYB在普陀区绥德路租赁了一间100多平方米的空置厂房改造成烘焙中心，供学员平时日常的法式烘焙课程。

上述开支中九成以上来自中法企业和社会各界赞助和捐赠，主要包括家乐福基金会与标致雪铁龙等公司提供的项目运营资金及Sinodis、Grands Moulins de Paris和Lactalis捐助的原材料成本。同时去法国深造每人的开支大约在10多万元人民币，也需要SYB在每年预算外单独去募集，第一批的三个学员的资金也是由家乐福基金会资助。不过这种依靠外部基金会资助的运作模式对项目的持续运行存在较大不确定性，资金来源一直是SYB的主要问题。

因此2011年起，SYB选择了公益和商业两种模式并行，成立了“海上青焙坊管理咨询（上海）有限公司”（以下简称“管理公司”），一家工商注册的公司。向企业或者团体开展对外烘焙课程、在不同场合售卖SYB学员制作的面包等成品都是目前SYB通过商业项目获得资金来源的途径。比如近期SYB就在四大会计师事务所毕马威的办公室内开展过一次烘焙的workshop；同时在12月中旬大约20名毕马威的合伙人、高级经理和客户将参加SYB一天的烘焙课程。在学员学习其他基础课程及周末的空余时间，烘焙中心可以对外进行开放，由上述3名烘焙师进行指导。虽然课程很有特色，但因为食材和工艺都较为高档，培训价格在市场上较高，加之宣传途径有限，所以烘焙课程目前开展的频率还较低。

在我们访谈Daisy前，一个朋友好奇地问我，SYB的学员每天学习制作的面包最后去哪里了？Daisy 告诉我们平时学生每天都会做出很多东西，原本其中很多都是浪费掉的，因为这里需要面包的实际需求方以及考虑物流运输成本。后来SYB和打工子弟爱心会合作后，确定了面包的实际需求方，面包会隔几天一起运到农民工子弟中心，但这种合作不久也因为没有单独资金覆盖物流运输成本而不得不中止。 “其实学员们在培训过一阵之后做出的成品在市场上完全有竞争能力，我们也会定期在上海几个定点市场进行摆摊销售，价格会比类似的85°C贵一点，但和其他的法式面包店差不多，因为我们进口原材料成本较贵以及完全是手工制作。”

在中国目前消费者对于公益产品的溢价度并不会很高，更多的还是看重产品的本质，所以SYB深知相比较产品背后的公益故事，口感还是最重要的。但碍于稳定销售渠道的匮乏以及物流运输成本，这块业务带来的收益目前也并不大。自我造血之路可以说SYB还在逐步摸索之中。

所有这些商业业务的收益都直接用来补贴学员烘焙培训项目本身，希望能逐步解决资金来源的问题。不过这良好的初衷背后仔细分析也存在一些需要改进的地方，这也往往是很多公益组织在运作早期所容易忽略的。

首先因为智行基金会SYB项目和管理公司在法律层面上属于两个不同的主体，分别有不同的业务模式和缴税规定，但一方资金直接划拨到另一方用于支付其运行成本可能会存在一定税务风险；同时，由于管理公司的业务是基于公众对智行基金会SYB项目中公益内容的认可，虽然管理公司的业务是公益内容的拓展且初衷是补贴公益项目，但管理公司毕竟是盈利性公司，目前管理公司也并没有通过章程、协议等书面方式来形成约定对资金盈余的去向使用进行规定，或者进行充分财务公开。因此在目前国内公益环境下，公众对公益的认识尚处于较初级阶段，公益组织开展盈利性业务必须非常谨慎。特别是业务持续扩大的情况下，没有完善的制约制度和公开机制，可能会令公益部分的捐赠人及购买管理公司服务的对象产生一定质疑。

这里我们和Daisy也讨论了关于社会企业（Social Enterprise）的理解，其实管理公司的定位完全是按照社会企业的方向，只是目前国内都尚没有一个权威的定义。社会企业是个很有意思的话题，但鉴于SYB目前管理公司的业务还非常小，因此我们将在之后的文章中再具体讨论。

期待更多专业人士的加入

最后我们聊到了SYB的未来，2013届（2013年毕业）的学生目前已经在接受培训，一共21名。从2009年第一期开始，目前已经是第五期了，随着运作模式的逐步确定，我们很好奇为什么受助人群却一直维持在20名左右。“当然这里主要还是资金的限制，包括更多收益人群培训资金的来源以及我们本身规模需要扩大。所以我们目前暂时希望能够更精益化地做好目前的工作，同时希望通过各种机会将自己的经验传授给其他公益组织，帮助他们来拓展他们的烘焙课程。”SYB今年曾在“盲文无国界组织”的牵头下去西藏为当地的盲人烘培学校的学生带去了先进的面包烘培技术，就是Daisy所说的经验传授，但类似在烘焙方面进行技能教授的公益组织在国内似乎并不常见，所以短期内这个受益群体还只能局限在小范围之内。

他们的长期目标之一是和毕业的学员合作，开一家社会型的咖啡厅，可以帮助其项目进行筹款，并为热心于社会福利的人们提供分享以及交流的空间。其实这样的模式在目前国内很多城市都有出现过，包括上海，但似乎运营顺利的并不多。在我们看来，也许娴熟的商业技巧对很多公益组织而言，在目前缺少合适人才的状况下，还是比较困难的。“也许最快在明年春天我们就会有这样的动作，会给大家一个惊喜。”的确SYB在这方面有一些先天的优势，令人期待。

和Daisy的聊天中我们一直能感受到这是群非常虔诚的人，全心全意地在履行着他们的公益实践。比如为了节省开支，让更多的资金用于受助学员的培训课程，SYB的人员配置也基本已经压缩到了极致。“目前我们的管理层只有2个全职员工，都是说着流利中文的法国人，一个是项目主管，另一个是前任项目主管，现在负责项目财务，同时也兼任智行基金会的工作。他们拿的薪资和他们的履历相比也只是象征性的。其余都是志愿者形式的员工。”核心志愿者除了负责组织公共关系的Daisy，还有两个分别负责宣传推广和志愿者管理、合作伙伴的维护。项目运作方面有三个烘焙师，都是SYB项目第一届的学员；除此之外还有一个外聘的生活老师，专门负责学生日常起居生活。

所以，项目的进一步发展，特别是管理公司商业项目的运作主要是靠核心志愿者的努力。虽然SYB的志愿者数据库中也有不少志愿者的联系方式，但投入的程度差别很大。目前志愿者活动较多的是各种现场活动的helper，宣传工作及其翻译。他们非常希望能有比较稳定的，能有长期承诺(commitment)的志愿者能加入SYB，像Daisy一样用自己的专长负责SYB运营中的一部分内容，以弥补目前人员的不足，特别是比如IT方面的志愿者，对网站进行规划和管理。在SYB的网站上长期有发布招募志愿者的信息。

The greatest good you can do for another is not just to share your own riches, but to reveal to him his own. – Benjamin Disraeli.

你能为他人做的最大善事不是分享你的财富，而是让对方展现出自我—本杰明迪斯雷利（英国前首相）。 SYB很好地做到了这一点，所以在我们看来，他们的确在做一件很意义的事情，而且已经通过自己数年的摸索形成了良好的运作模式，如果能够通过更多资源让这个项目进行复制以惠及更多受益人群，将会是个多赢的局面。可是按照目前的情况，无论是项目本身的受益人群，还是管理公司的商业项目，都可能难以有较快的进一步发展，瓶颈主要还是在“人”身上，高流动性以及缺少稳定全职的核心团队都是目前制约其发展的原因，所以希望能有更多的资源能帮助到他们，能有更多像Daisy一样潜心投入的志愿者或者财务自由的商界人士能全心加入。在我身边听过无数人信誓旦旦地宣称想要经营一家自己的咖啡店，所以为什么不先试试和SYB一起努力实现公益咖啡店的设想呢？

公益，本身就是一种工作外休息的方式

（摆着剪刀手Pose的Daisy和学员以及她的伙伴们在市集售卖SYB的面包）

作为核心志愿者，Daisy目前的本职工作是一个大型央企下属子公司的市场部品牌经理，但她之前的那段工作经历却更让我们好奇——四大会计师事务所税务部门。我们好奇在四大如此繁忙的工作中她是如何坚持SYB的志愿者工作。但她的回答却非常自然，“有时候确实人会比较累，但做一些自己喜欢的事情可以帮助自己放松，做这个东西本身就是一种休息的方式”。的确，我们说公益是一种生活的态度，如果在你的Work Life Balance这杆天平上公益是属于生活这部分的话，那的确并不会让你觉得有什么冲突，这也是很多三明治人的状态。特别是在这过程中，能够见证那么多实实在在的改变，帮助那些孩子获得改变，这种成就感让一切的努力都是那么值得。

其实另一方面也正是因为加入到SYB，也让Daisy更好地了解她自己真正想要的东西，生活的热情之所在。虽然原本四大的工作是一个很有发展前景的职业，但是通过这个“副业”，更帮助她认识到自己可能在哪方面更有发展潜力，可能走得更好走的更远，所以这就是为什么她选择离开四大，从一个税务方面的专业人士转行到市场营销领域。

“对于未来，短期内我希望能通过本职工作更加积累自己在营销方面的能力和阅历，毕竟自己工作资历还尚浅，同时以志愿者的身份来投入公益事业。长期的话，我希望等到积累到一定阶段能够有机会完全投入公益组织，或者自己有能力开设这样一家社会企业。”

这个机会来得很快，在我们将要完稿的时候，Daisy已经接受了新的工作offer，加入美商会专门从事CSR（Corporate Social Responsibility企业社会责任）工作。面对这个一直向往的机会，Daisy显得非常兴奋。在她明年1月入职前，她会用这个难得的间隙去云南进行一周的支教活动，“当做公益融入到你的心灵深处时，你会愿意在旅行时带上它，在茶余饭后念着它，与它共度重要的时刻，让它见证自己的成长。”

Sandwich Interview 1: Shanghai Young Bakers—Give baking skills, not bread.

Editor：As the first one of our Sandwich Talk Series, the article introduces an NGO which helps the underprivileged to gain working skills. Its training is so cool that our editorial team also desires to attend. However, the NGO needs lots of volunteers to maintain its operation. In particular, more resources are needed to realize its further development. You may find that you just have the ability to help, just like the interviewed volunteer, Daisy, who found a different direction of life here.

By Stanley

An old Chinese saying goes, “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day, teach him how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” In 2009, 12 French young professionals, who had been living in Shanghai for years, interpreted the old saying in a new way: Give an orphan some bread, you feed him for one day; teach him how to bake, you feed him for a lifetime!

Some of them are professional managers, some are artists. Coming from all walks of life, they hope to do something for the city they live in. With the rapid increase of western bakeries and top-level hotels, the bakery market is flourishing. As baking training institutions and qualified bakers are in great demand in China, the young French founded an NGO named Shanghai Young Bakers(@海上青焙坊, “SYB”), which provides 17-to-23-year-old adolescents free baking skill training courses as well as living skill courses to enable them to find jobs after graduation.

After 4 years’ practice, SYB has gradually formed its own operating method. By cooperating with other NGOs, around 20 students receive a one-year comprehensivetraining, including French bakery, Asian pastry classes, living skills and English courses. After graduation, most of them work in 4-or-5-star hotels and western bakeries. Among the twenty-one 2012 graduates, we find that many of them worked in top hotels like Waldorf Astoria Hotel, Le Royal Méridien Shanghai and Fortune Hyatt Hotel, etc. The students got an average salary of 2000-2500 RMB per month, provided with free living places and meals.

SYB has indeed helped those children by teaching them basic living skills and providing them the opportunity to develop in Shanghai.

Help Those with Urgent Need First

Daisy, who joined the organization from the beginning and is now incharge of public relations, is one of the core volunteers in SYB. While introducing the Shanghai-style NGO to us, she cannot hide her excitement and pride.
With a simple organizing framework, SYB was not registered at first. To guarantee its long-term and sustainable development, SYB became affiliated to Chi Heng Foundation in May 2010. SYB program thus operates and fundraises as a sub-program of Chi Heng and the SYB team began to have their own area within the Chi Heng office. “Being affiliated to big foundations” was a usual practice for many early-stage NGOs, so the NGOs could give invoices for donations and could hold more activities. For example, One Foundation was affiliated to Red Cross Foundation of China at the beginning and raised funds through the “Red Cross & One Foundation plan”. Money raised through this plan was appropriated to One Foundation by Red Cross Foundation, while Red Cross Foundation gave invoices tothe donors. The umbrellafoundation has the responsibility to monitor the operation of its affiliated NGOs and has the right to get some funds from the donations for the managingexpenses.
SYB needs professional baking teachers. In the beginning, a professional baker was teaching the students as a volunteer. After several years, now SYB has three full-time bakery chefs, all of whom are SYB graduates. They were selected to study in EFBPA in France for a year. They returned to Shanghai in August 2011 after getting degrees in bakery and pastry from that sshcool. Their expenditures in France were covered by SYB, so they agreed to teach in SYB for three years. We like the sustainable operating mode a lot: beneficiaries can also contribute to the group, which also motivates present students to learn harder; also, the oversea experience has laid a foundation for the students’ better development.
SYB students are recommended by its 6 cooperating NGOs, including Chi Heng Foundation, Madaifu Foundation, Xinxing Assistance Center For Street Children in Baoji, China SOS Village, Jiuqian Volunteer Center and Eden Ministry. Then SYB would select from those recommended. Actually there are no fixed and hard standard. As long as students are underprivileged, SYB would like to provide them the opportunity.

Exploring for Sustainable Development

To maintain the baking training of over 20 students, SYB needs more than 1 million RMB to cover its operating fee, which includes ingredients and equipment fee, rent for the baking centre, dormitory fee of students and salaries for employees of SYB. Since the courses are based on French baking certificates and most of its raw materials are imported, the cost is comparatively high. And SYB rent an over 100-m2 baking centre, transformed from a vacant plant.

90% of its spendings are covered by sponsorship and donations. Carrefour Foundation and PSA Peugeot Citroëncover the program’s operational costs, while Sinodis, Grands Moulins de Paris and Lactalis donate ingredients. In addition, SYB needs to raise money for students who further their study in France, which is about 100,000 RMB per head. Carrefour Foundation sponsored the first 3 students. But relying on external foundations is not a stable solution. How to raise money is always a main challenge for SYB.
Therefore, from 2011 on, SYB founded the “SYB Consulting Ltd” (referred to as SYB Consulting), a registered company industrial and commercial administration. SYB Consulting earns money by giving baking courses to corporations or groups, selling bread made by SYB students, etc. SYB has recently held a baking workshop for KPMG. Besides, about 20 people including KPMG partners, senior managers and clients would attend SYB’s public classes in the mid of December. Public classes areheld in the baking centre, tutored by the 3 baking trainers mentioned before. Despite the course is quite charming, public courses are only held occasionally due to its expensive fee.
Before our interview with Daisy, a friend of mine asked about how SYB bread is dealt with. Daisy told us that once SYB cooperated with Migrant Children centre, but the cooperation has to be ended due to the lack of delivery fund. “Actually the bread our students made is very competitive, we would sell bread in several markets at weekends. The price is a little higher than 85°C, but equal to those at French bakeries. Our cost is higher since our raw materials are imported.”
Chinese consumers would not choose a product because it comes from a NGO. They seek more about the quality. SYB understands that the taste of its bread is of vital importance if it hopes to have good performance in the market. However, as result of lacking stable selling channels and cheap delivery channels, they are not making much profit. SYB is still on its way to become self-supported.
All the income will be used for the traning program, serving as a source for funds.

More Professionals are Welcomed

In the end we talked about the future of SYB. Currentlytwenty-one students (graduating in 2013) are being trained. They are already the fifth batch since 2009. As the operating mode has been stable, why is the number of students always around 20? “The main reason is the limit of fund. We need money to do abetter training. We hope to focus on the work we are doing now and to spread our experience to other NGOs, helping them to develop their baking classes.” In 2012, SYB helped Braille Without Borders to develop its own bakery training for blind Tibetan youth, which is exactly what Daisy called “spread our experience”. However, there are not so many similar baking organizations within our nation, so the beneficiaries are likely to be confined to a small group.
One of their long-term goals is to collaborate with graduates to open a social cafe, fundraising for other programs and providing communication space for people passionate about social welfare. Similar cafes appear in many cities in China, including Shanghai, but not many of them are operating smoothly. In our view, without business talents, it is difficult for NGOs to operate such a cafe successfully. “At the soonest, maybe we will put this idea into action in next spring, giving those who are concerned a surprise.” Indeed, SYB has some natural advantage in this aspect. We are looking forward to seeing their success.
We can feel that SYBers are very devoted to their social practice. In order to save cost, SYB has reduced its employees to an extreme. “We have only two full-time managing employers, who are French people speaking fluent Chinese. One is the program manager and the other is the former programe manager who is now in charge of finance and holds a concurrent post in Chi Heng Foundation. They have only symbolic salaries compared to their curriculum vitae. The otheremployees are volunteer-like.” Besides Daisy, who is in charge of public relations, there are two more core volunteers, respectively in charge of “promotion” and “volunteer and partnership managing”. For the program part, there are three trainers, all of whom are first-batch graduates, and asocial educator, who takes care of the students’daily life.
To further develop, both SYB program and SYB consulting need the help of core volunteers. There are tremendous volunteers who are applying and have been added to the volunteer database, but their participating degree is extremely different. More volunteers would like to help in activities, promotion and translation. SYB welcomes more stable volunteers with long-term commitment to join, like Daisy, to take charge of part of the SYB operating. IT volunteers are especially welcomed, who will be in charge of website design and management. You can go to their website (www.shanghaiyoungbakers.com) to know more about how to join.
The greatest good you can do for another is not just to share your own riches, but to reveal to him his own. – Benjamin Disraeli.
SYB is exactly doing so. They are doing a thing very meaningful and they’ve explored a good operating mode. If more resources are provided to replicate this program, more people will get benefits.

Volunteer Itself is a Kind of Rest

As a core volunteer, Daisy’s is a marketing manager in branch of a big central enterprise. Yet we are more curious about her former work experience, working in the tax department in the Big Four Auditors. How could she do SYB volunteer work and the busy work at the Big Four at the same time? She answered in a natural way, “Sometimes it is really tired, but doing something I like could help me relax. Volunteer here itself is a kind of rest.” Some people say that volunteering is a kind of life attitudes. If volunteering belongs to the life part in the Work Life Balance, then no conflicts will happen. That is somewhat similar to many Sandwichers. What’s more, you could see the tangible change and help the children change, which is worthwhile for all the efforts.
Daisy told us it was also the experience in SYB that makes her know what she really wants and where her life passion is. Working at the Big Four Auditors is prospective, but the volunteer experience make her realize she may have more potential in other areas. That’s the reason why she chose to leave the Big Four and turn to maketing.
“I hope to accumulate more knowledge in marketing in the short term, since my work experience is still little. In the meantime, I will do volunteering in my spare time. In the long term, I hope to devote myself completely in to NGOs, or found an NGO myself.
The chance came very soon. Just before our article completion, Daisy has accepted a new job offer, doing the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) work in American Chamber of Commerce. Daisy is very excited about this opportunity. She will go to Yunnan to do volunteer teaching beofore her new career in next January. “When volunteering spirit has integrated your heart, you would like to do it in your turnand think about it in your daily life. You would like to experience important moments with it and let volunteering witness your achievement.”